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喷灌机是将具有一定压力的水，通过专用机具设备由喷头喷射到空中，散成细小水滴，像下蒙蒙雨一样均匀地洒落在田间，供给农作物和花卉苗木等植物对水分的需求。将增压、输水、喷洒、行走等装置连成一个可移动的整体，称为喷灌机。该机结构以手抬式轻型喷灌机为例说明。它主要由喷头、喷架、出水管、动力机、喷水泵、进水管、滤网、机架等组成。动力机带动喷水泵运转后，泵内的叶轮在高速运转产生的离心力作用下，叶轮流道里的水被甩向四周，压入蜗壳，叶轮入口形成真空，水池或储水罐的水在外界大气压力作用下沿吸水管被吸入，补充了这个空间，继而被吸入的水又被叶轮甩出蜗壳，进入水管，再压入喷头，喷洒到田间或草场的作物上。
Sprinkling irrigation machine is to spray water with certain pressure into the air through a special machine and equipment, and disperse it into small water drops, which are evenly scattered in the field like the rain, to supply the water demand of crops, flowers, seedlings and other plants. It is called sprinkling irrigation machine that connects the devices of pressurization, water delivery, spraying and walking into a movable whole. The structure of the machine is illustrated by a light hand-held sprinkler. It is mainly composed of nozzle, spray frame, water outlet pipe, power machine, water spray pump, water inlet pipe, filter screen, frame, etc. After the power machine drives the water jet pump to operate, the impeller in the pump is under the centrifugal force generated by high-speed operation, the water in the impeller passage is thrown around, pressed into the volute, the impeller inlet forms a vacuum, and the water in the pool or water storage tank is inhaled along the suction pipe under the action of the external atmospheric pressure, supplementing this space, and then the water sucked is thrown out of the volute by the impeller, enters the water pipe, and then recompression Enter the sprinkler head and spray it on the crops in the field or grassland.