| 半固定式喷灌系统 |
| 添加时间：2019/6/25 14:25:49 浏览次数： |
| 半固定式喷灌系统 Semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation system 喷灌机、水泵和干管固定，而支管和喷头则可移动。移动的方式有人力搬移、滚移式，由拖拉机或绞车牵引的端拖式，由小发动机驱动作间歇移动的动力滚移式、绞盘式以及自走的圆形及平移式等。其投资比固定式喷灌系统少，喷灌效率较移动式喷灌系统高。常用于大田作物。 The sprinkler, the pump and the main pipe are fixed, while the branch pipe and the sprinkler head can be moved. The moving modes include manual moving, rolling type, end-towing type tractor or winch traction, power rolling type, winch type, circular and translational type, which are driven intermittently by small engine, etc. The investment is less than that of fixed sprinkler irrigation system, and the efficiency of sprinkler irrigation is higher than that of mobile sprinkler irrigation system. It is often used in field crops. ① 绞盘式喷灌机。由干管上的给水栓通过软管供水。有3种类型:一种是将钢索绞盘连同驱动绞盘用的动力机、喷头等装在喷灌车上，钢索的一端固定在地头牵引喷灌车前进;另一种是将钢索绞盘及其动力机置于地头，通过钢索牵引装有喷头的喷灌车前进;还有一种是将作为供水支管的软管卷绕在绞盘上，绞盘及喷头装在喷灌车或滑橇上，由软管牵引前进。水力驱动的绞盘式喷灌机是利用干管引来的高压水，通过水涡轮驱动绞盘作业，免去了动力机。 (1) Winch sprinkler. The water supply is provided by the water supply plug on the main pipe through the hose. There are three types: one is to install the steel cable winch along with the power machine and sprinkler head used to drive the winch on the sprinkler irrigation vehicle, one end of the cable is fixed on the ground to pull the sprinkler irrigation vehicle forward; the other is to place the steel cable winch and its power machine on the ground to pull the sprinkler irrigation vehicle with the sprinkler head forward through the cable; the other is to coil the hose as the water supply branch pipe on the winch, and the winch and sprinkler head are installed on the winch. Sprinkler truck or sled, pulled forward by hose. Hydraulically driven winch sprinkler uses high-pressure water from main pipe to drive winch operation through water turbine, eliminating power machine. ②圆形喷灌机和平移式喷灌机。均为多塔车自走式，即将装有许多喷头的薄壁金属支管支承在若干个可以自动行走的塔车上。各塔车都有一套调速、同步、安全控制和驱动系统，使整个支管系统在电力或水力驱动下，自动协调地作缓慢直线运动或绕其一端作回转运动。圆形喷灌机(图1)由中心枢轴处供水，支管长60~800米,转一圈的时间为8小时至7天，控制面积150~3000亩，自动化程度很高。但喷洒面积为圆形，为解决方形地块上四个边角地带的灌溉问题，有的装有角喷装置,即在支管的末端装设伸出喷杆或远射程喷头，当转到边角地带时自动接通。平移式喷灌机是通过软管由渠道或固定干管上的给水栓供水。由干管供水时，喷灌机行走一定距离后要移动软管,改接在下一个水栓上，因而自动化程度较低，但喷灌后不会留下边角。 (2) Circular sprinkler and translational sprinkler. All of them are self-propelled multi-tower trucks. The thin-walled metal brackets with many sprinklers are supported on several self-propelled tower trucks. Each tower car has a set of speed regulation, synchronization, safety control and driving system, which enables the whole branch pipe system to automatically coordinate the slow linear motion or rotary motion around one end of the tower under electric or hydraulic driving. The circular sprinkler irrigation machine (Fig. 1) is supplied with water from the central pivot. The branch pipe is 60-800 meters long, and the turning time is 8 hours to 7 days. The control area is 150-3000 mu. It has a high degree of automation. But the spraying area is circular. In order to solve the irrigation problem in four corner areas on square plots, some of them are equipped with angular spraying device, i.e. a spraying rod or a long-range sprinkler is installed at the end of the branch pipe, which is automatically connected when it is transferred to the corner area. The translational sprinkler is supplied by the water supply hydrant on the canal or fixed main pipe through the hose. When water is supplied by the main pipe, the sprinkler should move the hose after a certain distance and connect it to the next water hydrant, so the automation level is low, but the edge will not be left after sprinkler irrigation. |
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