| 喷灌系统类型 |
| 添加时间：2019/7/23 14:09:11 浏览次数： |
| 喷灌系统类型 Types of Sprinkler Irrigation System 按水流获得的压力方式可分为机压式、自压式和提水蓄能式喷灌系统; According to the pressure obtained by water flow, it can be divided into mechanical pressure type, self-pressure type and pumped storage type sprinkler irrigation system. 按喷灌设备的形式可分为管道式和机组式喷灌系统; According to the form of sprinkler irrigation equipment, it can be divided into pipeline sprinkler irrigation system and unit sprinkler irrigation system. 按喷洒方式可分为定喷式和行喷式喷灌系统. According to the spraying mode, it can be divided into fixed spraying and row spraying irrigation systems. 喷灌系统按照喷灌作业过程中可移动的程度分为下列 3类 . Sprinkler irrigation system can be divided into the following three categories according to the degree of mobility during sprinkler irrigation operation. 固定式喷灌系统:除喷头外,各组成部分在长年或灌溉季节均固定不动.干管和支管多埋设在地下,喷头装在由支管接出的竖管上.操作方便,效率高,占地少,也便于综合利用(如结合施肥、喷农药等)和实现灌溉的自动控制.但需要大量管材,单位面积投资高.适用于灌溉频繁的经济作物区(如蔬菜种植区)和高产作物地区. Fixed sprinkler irrigation system: except for sprinklers, each component is fixed in the long-term or irrigation season. The main pipe and branch pipe are mostly buried underground, and the sprinkler head is installed on the vertical pipe connected by the branch pipe. It is easy to operate, efficient, occupies less land, and is also convenient for comprehensive utilization (such as combined fertilization, pesticide spraying, etc.) and automatic control of irrigation. However, a large number of pipes are needed. Wood, high investment per unit area. Suitable for cash crop areas with frequent irrigation (such as vegetable growing areas) and high-yield crop areas. 半固定式喷灌系统:喷灌机、水泵和干管固定,而支管和喷头则可移动.移动的方式有人力搬移、滚移式,由拖拉机或绞车牵引的端拖式,由小发动机驱动作间歇移动的动力滚移式、绞盘式以及自走的圆形及平移式等.其投资比固定式喷灌系统少,喷灌效率较移动式喷灌系统高.常用于大田作物. Semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation system: sprinkler, pump and main pipe are fixed, while branch pipe and nozzle are movable. Mobile mode includes manual moving, rolling type, end-towing type tractor or winch, power rolling type, winch type and self-propelled circular and translational type driven by small engine. Sprinkler irrigation system is less, and its efficiency is higher than that of mobile sprinkler irrigation system. It is often used in field crops. 移动式喷灌系统:除水源外,动力机、水泵、干管、支管和喷头等都是可以移动的,因而可在一个灌溉季节里在不同地块轮流使用,提高了设备利用率,并可节省单位面积投资,但工作效率和自动化程度低.常用的类型中,有的是动力机和水泵装在手推车或手架上的轻、小型喷灌机,其喷头装在轻便三角架上,通过软管同水泵连接;有的是将水泵同喷头装在手扶拖拉机上的小型喷灌机,由手扶拖拉机的动力输出装置驱动水泵作业;有的是装在大、中型拖拉机上的双悬臂式喷灌机.移动式喷灌系统适用于灌溉次数较少的大田作物和小块地段.此外,在有条件的地区,还可发展自压喷灌.其优点是可以利用水的自然落差,不需动力机和水泵,设备简单,操作方便,使用成本低. Mobile sprinkler irrigation system: Except for water source, power machine, water pump, main pipe, branch pipe and sprinkler are movable, so they can be used in different plots in an irrigation season, improve the utilization rate of equipment, and save unit area investment, but the working efficiency and automation are low. Some of the commonly used types are power machine and sprinkler. Pumps are mounted on trolleys or scaffolds of light and small sprinkler irrigation machines, whose sprinkler heads are mounted on portable triangles and connected with pumps through hoses; some are small sprinkler irrigation machines with sprinkler heads mounted on walking tractors, which are driven by power output devices of walking tractors; some are double cantilevers mounted on large and medium tractors. Mobile sprinkler irrigation system is suitable for field crops and small plots with fewer irrigation times. In addition, self-pressure sprinkler irrigation can also be developed in areas where conditions permit. Its advantages are that it can utilize the natural drop of water, does not need power machines and pumps, simple equipment, easy operation and low cost. |
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