| 喷灌特点 |
| 添加时间：2019/11/15 15:48:51 浏览次数： |
| 喷灌特点 Characteristics of sprinkler irrigation a.省水:由于喷灌可以控制喷水量和均匀性，避免产生地 A. water saving: because the spray irrigation can control the spray quantity and uniformity, avoid the production area 喷灌农药喷灌农药 Irrigation pesticide 面径流和深层渗漏损失，使水的利用率大为提高，一般比漫灌节省水量30%一50%，省水还意味着节省动力，降低灌水成本。 The loss of surface runoff and deep leakage greatly improves the utilization rate of water. Generally, it saves 30% - 50% water than the flood irrigation. Water saving also means saving power and reducing irrigation cost. b.省工:喷灌便于实现机械化、自动化，可以大量节省劳动力。由于取消了田间的输水沟渠,不仅有利于机械作业，而且大大减少了田间劳动量。喷灌还可以结合施入化肥和农药，又可以省去不少劳动量，据统计，喷灌所需的劳动量仅为地面灌溉的五分之一。 B. labor saving: sprinkler irrigation is convenient for mechanization and automation, and can save a lot of labor. Because of the cancellation of the water conveyance ditch in the field, it is not only conducive to the mechanical operation, but also greatly reduces the field labor. Spray irrigation can also be combined with chemical fertilizer and pesticide, and it can save a lot of labor. According to statistics, the labor required for spray irrigation is only one fifth of that for surface irrigation. c.提高土地利用率:采用喷灌时，无需田间的灌水沟渠和畦埂，比地面灌溉更能充分利用耕地，提高土地利用率，一般可增加耕种面积7%一10%。 C. improve the land use rate: when sprinkler irrigation is used, irrigation ditch and ridge are not needed in the field, so the cultivated land can be fully utilized and the land use rate can be improved. Generally, the cultivated area can be increased by 7% - 10%. d.增产:喷灌便于严格控制土壤水分,使土壤湿度维持在作物生长最适宜的范围。而且在喷灌时能冲掉植物茎叶上尘土,有利于植物呼吸和光合作用。另外喷灌对土壤不产生冲刷等破坏作用，从而保持土壤的团粒结构，使土壤疏松多孔，通气性好，因而有利于增产， 特别是蔬菜增产效果更为明显。 D. yield increase: sprinkler irrigation is convenient to control soil moisture strictly and keep soil moisture in the most suitable range for crop growth. In addition, it can wash off the dust on the stems and leaves of plants during sprinkler irrigation, which is conducive to plant respiration and photosynthesis. In addition, sprinkling irrigation does not produce erosion and other destructive effects on the soil, so as to maintain the soil aggregate structure, make the soil loose and porous, and have good ventilation, so it is conducive to increase production, especially for vegetables. e.适应性强:喷灌对各种地形适应性强，不需要像地面灌溉那样整平土地，在坡地和起伏不平的地面均可进行喷灌。特别是在土层薄、透水性强的沙质土，非常适合采用喷灌。此外，喷灌不仅适应所有大田作物，而且对于各种经济作物、蔬菜、草场都可以获得很好的经济效果。 喷灌具有好多优点，但是也有缺点。主要是投资费用大，就目前条件移动式喷灌系统最便宜，亩投资也需要20 E. strong adaptability: sprinkler irrigation has strong adaptability to all kinds of terrain, so it does not need to level the land like surface irrigation, and it can be applied to sloping land and uneven ground. Especially in sandy soil with thin soil layer and strong water permeability, it is very suitable for sprinkler irrigation. In addition, sprinkler irrigation can not only adapt to all field crops, but also obtain good economic results for various cash crops, vegetables and grasslands Sprinkler irrigation has many advantages, but it also has disadvantages. The main reason is that the investment cost is large. At present, the mobile sprinkler system is the cheapest, and the investment per mu also needs 20 喷灌系统喷灌系统 Sprinkler system -50元/亩。另外是受风速和气候的影响大，当风速大于5.5米/秒时 (相当于4级风)，就能吹散雨滴，降低喷灌均匀性,不宜进行喷灌。其次，在气候十分干燥时,蒸发损失增大，也会降低效果。 -50 yuan / mu. In addition, it is greatly affected by the wind speed and climate. When the wind speed is greater than 5.5 m / S (equivalent to level 4 wind), raindrops can be blown away to reduce the uniformity of sprinkler irrigation, so it is not suitable for sprinkler irrigation. Secondly, when the climate is very dry, the evaporation loss increases and the effect decreases. |
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